What is FIU-IND (and what are STRs and CTRs)?
FIU-IND (Financial Intelligence Unit, India) is the central national agency, under the Ministry of Finance, that receives, analyses and shares financial intelligence on suspicious transactions. Under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), banks, NBFCs, payment firms and other reporting entities must file reports with it. The main ones are Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) and Cash Transaction Reports (CTRs).
FIU-IND sarkar ki agency hai jo money laundering se jude sandigdh lein-den ki report leti hai. PMLA kanoon ke tehat bank aur NBFC ko shaq wale transactions ki STR, aur bade cash transactions ki CTR report FIU-IND ko bhejni hoti hai.
Main reports
- STR: filed when a transaction or attempted transaction appears suspicious, whatever the amount.
- CTR: cash transactions above ₹10 lakh, or a series of connected cash transactions that together cross it in a month.
- CCR: counterfeit currency reports.
- NTR: transactions involving non-profit organisations above prescribed thresholds.
Who must register
Every 'reporting entity' under PMLA: banks, NBFCs, payment system operators, securities intermediaries, and certain crypto (VDA) service providers. They must register on FIU-IND's reporting portal, appoint a Principal Officer and a Designated Director, and file within the timelines in the PML Rules.
Where STRs come from
Most STRs start as alerts from transaction monitoring. Quality depends on good alerts and a clear written rationale for each one, which is why explainable risk scoring matters.
Common questions
What is FIU-IND?
Financial Intelligence Unit, India: the national agency that receives and analyses reports of suspicious and large cash transactions under the PMLA.
What is an STR in banking?
A Suspicious Transaction Report filed with FIU-IND when a transaction appears suspicious, regardless of amount.
What is the CTR threshold in India?
Cash transactions above ₹10 lakh, or connected cash transactions that together cross ₹10 lakh within a month.
FIU-IND kya hai?
FIU-IND sarkari agency hai jo money laundering se jude suspicious aur bade cash transactions ki report leti aur jaanchti hai.
Related
ZyroAI products for this: ZyroAI Sentinel.
Written by the ZyroAI team for people building in Indian BFSI. Regulatory rules change, so for binding requirements check the current RBI, NPCI, UIDAI or relevant regulator circular. Last updated 2026-09-24.